academic editing

Proofreading is the least complex level of editing and is most appropriate for well-written drafts. We will correct spelling, grammar, punctuation and capitalization. This level focuses on correcting errors--not revising text--although we will provide general comments on sections that need to be polished or refined. 

Proofreading requires the least amount of time to complete and is the least expensive form of editing.

Developmental editing highlights substantive issues and focuses on the structure and key elements of the draft. This level highlights issues according to categories and themes, but does not involve a line edit. A developmental edit should occur prior to a line edit so that the author can address big picture issues and ensure that the draft is telling the intended story about the research documented. 

This level of editing provides direct line-by-line changes to the draft.  We will proofread in addition to reviewing sentence structure, continuity of content, style, unrefined written passages, citation and reference format. We will provide detailed comments regarding problems and suggest changes. Line editing does not include major rewriting or reorganization.  Out of respect for academic integrity, substantive issues will not be directly altered and will be brought to the author's attention to address.

Copyediting requires more time than proofreading. Due to the degree of editorial involvement, this level is recommended for final drafts. 

There are common nuances that non-native English authors experience with writing projects. We will guide you through these nuances and thoroughly review your draft for elements of language that non-native English speakers may find challenging. We will observe academic integrity while correcting problems, copyediting and making helpful suggestions for further improvement.